First Amendment Notes

Five Freedoms of the First Amendment:
-Religion
-Speech
-Press
-Assembly
-Petition

The Tinker Standard (1969)
-U.S. Supreme Court case that recognizes that the First Amendment protects on-campus student speech
-Unlawful speech and physically disruptive speech are not protected by this standard

The Fraser Standard (1986)
-Inappropriate speech for class president
-Because school officials have an "interest in teaching students the boundaries of socially appropriate behavior," they can censor student speech that is vulgar or indecent, even if it does not cause a "material or substantial disruption"

Hazelwood Standard (1988)
-U.S. Supreme Court significantly reduces the level of First Amendment protection provided to most school-sponsored student media at public high schools
-"Reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns"
-Applies only to school-sponsored speech

The Frederick Standard (2007)
-January 2002, Olympic torch travels through town
-Principle Morse cancels school
-Senior Frederick inveils banner on the sidewalk across the street which reads, "Bong hits 4 Jesus"
-Suspended for 10 days

Libel:
An oversimplified definition
-Publication of a false statement of fact that seriously harms someone's reputation

Truth:
The Catch- knowing something is true and proving it is true can be two different things